一階國考抗生素
以前讀書整理的筆記,主要分類來自(建國)王傑藥理,參考建國小美微免、FC...等等,和一些湊出來的口訣增補而成;
Word檔案:https://reurl.cc/MZyl4k
抗生素
細胞壁 |
|
β-lactam, vancomycin, … |
細胞膜 |
|
Daptomycin |
DNA |
材料 |
Trimethoprim, sulfonamides, pyrimethamine, 葉酸 踹黃安Ya |
|
複製 |
Quinolone copy課程QR code上四堂 紅綠林口SOS |
|
轉錄 |
Rifamycin (Rifampin) |
|
30S |
Tetracyclines, Amynoglycosides Macro+Keto四堂, (你)牛腳練蝦米偷拔尖塔 |
|
50S |
Macrolides (& Ketolides), Chloramphenicol, Lincosamides, Streptogramins, Oxazolidinones 紅綠林口SOS |
細胞壁
β-lactam |
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactam |
非 |
Vancomycin, bacitracin, cycloserine, fosfomycin, daptomycin |
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β-lactam => mono一個 peni盤子 carba開車 wall撞牆壁 cephalo滿頭包
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penicillins 主G+(GPC但抗藥), 厭氧, 含梅毒
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天然 (IV)peniclin G, (oral) Penicillin V, (IM)Benzathine penicillin G
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耐酶
1.注射: Methicillin, Nafcillin
2.口服: Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin -
Amino-penicillin: 廣效G+ >G - , 常w/ 抑制劑 (G - : 大流沙) 耐酶
ampicillin (較廣), amoxicillin (吸收較佳,小兒,口服only this不影響)
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抗pseudomonas: 廣效G+ ,G - , IV w/ 抑制劑 不耐酶
Carboxy-penicillins: carbenicillin, Ticarcillin
Ureido-penicillins: Piperacillin, Mezlocillin
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β-lactamase抑制劑
amoxicillin |
Clavulanate 。 |
Augmentin®=Curam |
ampicillin |
Sulbactam , |
Unasyn® |
ticarcillin |
Clavulanate 。 |
Timentin® |
piperacillin |
Tazobactam |
Zosyn®, Tazocin® |
cefoperazone |
Sulbactam , |
Sulperazon® |
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cephalosporin
Gen1 |
G+ : 主 G - : 大 克 流 變 |
Cefalexin(oral), Cefazolin(IV,pre-OP), Cephradine, Cefadroxil(bid) |
Gen2 |
G+ : 主 G - : 大 克 流 變 厭氧Bacteroids |
IV: Cefuroxime, Cefamandole, Cefoxitin, Cefmetazole |
Gen3 |
G+ : 少 G- : 主 , 腦膜炎首選 |
Pseudomonas佳: Ceftazidime (Fortum®), Cefoperazone (CPZ®) Pseudomonas差: Cefotaxime (Claforan®), Ceftizoxime ,ceftrizxone Oral : Cefixime (Cefspan®), Cefpodoxime (Banan®) |
Gen4 |
1+3 (or 3) |
Cefepime (Maxipime®), Cefpirome (Cefrom®) |
Gen5 |
多重抗藥 |
Ceftaroline, Ceftobiprole |
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carbapenams: imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem(Invanz®), doripenem(Finibax®伏霸)
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monobactam: Aztreonam(Azactam®)
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以下非屬於β-lactam
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vancomycin … 結合到D-Ala-D-Ala末端 卡住
*teicoplanin(Targocid)
*telavancin: lipoglycopeptide -
bacitracin , IV, 打G+ … 干擾G+ peptidoglycan, 常合併Neomycin, Polymyxin
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cycloserine … D-Ala衍生物(卡住)
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fosfomycin/fosmidomycin
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caspofungin *細胞壁,抗黴菌 卡死~
細胞膜
Daptomycin(Cubicin®) 機轉類似vanco 打頭
DNA材料 => 泌尿道inf.
Trimethoprim, sulfonamides, pyrimethamine, 葉酸 踹黃安Ya
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Sulfonamide 磺胺藥 類似GABA,干擾細菌葉酸合成 第一個用在人的抗微生物藥物
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口服可吸收 (短)sulfisoxazole , (中)sulfadiazine , sulfamethoxazole , (長)sulfadoxine
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co –trimoxazole (Baktar ®) = Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
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Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine => for toxoplamosis 弓漿蟲
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Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine => for malaria 瘧疾
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口服不吸收 Sulfasalazine => for 潰瘍性結腸炎
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外用
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Sulfacetamide => 眼…
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Silver Sulfadiazine , Mafenide => 皮膚燒傷
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*DHFR (dihydrofolate recuctase) inhibitor
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Trimethoprim 細菌-E. coli
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Pyrimethamine 原蟲
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Methotrexate 哺乳類
DNA複製 => 泌尿道inf.
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Quinolones : Nalidixic acid (Negacide®) 容易抗藥
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Fluoroquinolones
抑制G+ topoisomerase IV
抑制G – topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
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Gen1 Norfloxacin (Baccidal®) , Nalidixic acid衍生, for UTI
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Gen2 主G -少G+ ========= Ofloxacin (Tarivid®) , Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin®) , bid
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Gen3 主G -主G+鏈球菌 =Levofloxacin (Cravit®), Gemifloxacin (Factive®), Moxifloxacin(Avelox®)
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Gen4 主G -主G+鏈球菌+厭氧 = Moxifloxacin(Avelox®), Gatifloxacin, Trovafloxacin
分頁符號
DNA轉錄
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Rifampin(RIF), Rifamycin衍生
DNA 30S = 16 rRNA + protein(s) ; Tetracyclines , Aminoglycosides , Spectinomycin (看四堂 紅綠到林口SOS)
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Tetracyclines
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Chlortetracycline , Demeclocycline , Doxycycline , Methacycline , Minocycline , Oxytetracycline , Tetracycline(傳統,空腹吃)
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Aminoglycosides , (你)牛腳練蝦米偷拔尖塔 …
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給藥: (oral)Neomycin, Kanamycin , (IV)其他
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Streptomycin鏈黴素
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Gentamycin, Tobramycin
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Amikacin
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Netilmicin (Netromycin ®)
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Neomycin , Kanamycin : 外用or口服不吸收
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Spectinomycin (Specin®) : 形成complex 70S抑制轉位
DNA 50S (看四堂 紅綠到林口SOS)
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Macrolides (& Ketolides) 紅黴素
(Macrolides) Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin; (Ketolides)Telithromycin
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Erythromycin
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Clarithromycin (Klaricid®)
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Azithromycin (Zithromax®) , qd , atypical pneumonia
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Telithromycin (Ketek®)
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Chloramphenicol氯黴素
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Lincosamides:
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Lincomycin(Lincocin®)
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Clindamycin(Cleocin®)
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Streptogramins : Synercid(Synercid®)
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Oxazolidinones : Linezolid(Zyvox®)
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Pleuromutilins : Retapamulin , 似Linezolid
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